AGAHI to implement the Nokia-UNESCO Mobile Learning initiative for Education Development

AGAHI

AGAHI to implement the Nokia-UNESCO Mobile Learning initiative for Education Development

AGAHI, Nokia Pakistan and UNESCO collaborate to launch Mobile Learning for Teacher’s in Pakistan using Nokia Education Delivery App to facilitate teacher training via mobile phones.

AGAHI, Nokia Pakistan and UNESCO launched the project “Mobile Learning Project for Teacher’s Professional Development” today as formal collaboration in the presence of senior government officials, Nokia representatives and UNESCO representatives. As part of this program, UNESCO and Nokia are joining hands, where Nokia is providing its mobile phones and its application “Nokia Education Delivery (NED) for UNESCO’s project on ‘use of ICT for professional development of public school teachers’ in remote areas.

Since 2011 NED has turned into an open source solution to improve livelihoods, and in order to support such mobile learning innovations to be filled with life in Pakistan, The project will be implemented by AGAHI, a UNESCO partner and a non-profit foundation working in the area of communication and media policy design.

Nokia developed NED to allow using a mobile phone to access and download videos and other educational materials from a constantly updated education library. Operating in hundreds of schools and having reached millions of students in the Philippines, Tanzania, Chile and Colombia, Nokia Education Delivery has been shown to improve study results and increase retention among students.

This collaboration is part of the agreement signed last year between UNESCO and Nokia at international level to promote the use of mobile technologies to further the objectives of “Education for All”. As part of this agreement Nokia is developing applications and new Mobile technologies offering access to information and enrich learning environments at global level.

In Pakistan, through the project “Mobile Learning for Teachers” Nokia’s Education Delivery application will help UNESCO to enable the delivery of high- quality educational materials to teachers who lack training and resources though mobile phones giving an opportunity to teachers to train themselves on the same level as professionally competent teachers.

UNESCO Director, Kozue Kai Nagata
with Nokia Manager for Solutions

Speaking about the project, UNESCO Director, Kozue Kai Nagata said, “In 21st century Public- private partnerships are enjoying growing attention and support as a new and sustainable modality for development. We are confident to collaborate with Nokia to provide us with the best platform to train public school teachers. Nokia Education Delivery is fit to match our need of delivering quality training to a large number of public school teachers across Pakistan through the project named “Mobile Learning for Teachers”.

Amir Jahangir, President AGAHI
at the launch of Mobile Learning
for Education Development.

Amir Jahangir, President AGAHI and a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum, shared his views on the launch that “Pakistan is a knowledge starved country, where universal education has its own challenges. To meet the target of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) on education, Pakistan needs to address its education challenges through innovation and technology which can reach to a larger population with cost effective solutions”.

Speaking about the launch of NED program, Ulrike Vott Nokia Sustainability Manager for Middle East said, “Nokia Education Delivery facilitates education in a fun and interactive way. In addition to the NED software, Nokia offers program implementation support for the benefit of Pakistan’s education landscape.” The Nokia Education Delivery software system has two modules. The first module is installed on a Nokia mobile phone and contains a browse able catalog of educational videos. The second module is installed on the computer of the education administrator. It manages the organization’s mobile video library, so that videos can be added, deleted and updated. It also provides information on the usage of different videos.”

This unique pilot project for Pakistan has been initiated by UNESCO and AGAHI aims at using Mobile phones as medium for training teachers, where the teachers in remote areas will be equipped with devices, SIMs, a software solution and high quality educational content. The course for training and capacity building will be developed into video files and will be transmitted step by step according to curriculum on the phones provided to teachers. Over the course of the training period, teachers will be tested via SMS on regular basis and as an incentive, those who will score highest in tests will receive free mobile top ups. At the end of the course, test scores of all teachers will be aggregated and the passing teachers will be awarded certificate in the final workshop.

More EU, Dutch Aid for Pakistani Flood Victims

More EU, Dutch Aid for Pakistani Flood Victims

People pass through a flooded street in Pakistan.
The European Union and Netherlands have
increased their aid for flood victims in the country.
Photo by: Vicki Francis / DfID / CC BY-NC-ND

The European Union and Netherlands have increased their aid for flood victims in Pakistan.

For the second year in a row, Pakistan is devastated by flooding. The most recent has affected 5.4 million people.

The European Commission announced Oct. 17 that it will provide an additional €6.5 million ($8.9 million) in humanitarian assistance to the South Asian country, bringing the total EU flood aid for Pakistan this year to €104.5 million.

Meanwhile, the Netherlands has made another donation of €4 million also for Pakistani flood victims. It earlier contributed €400,000 to the International Red Cross for a similar cause.

The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Oct. 14 that it had to use money from existing programs to fund the fresh donation as all the 2011 budget for emergency assistance had been spent due partly to the famine in the Horn of Africa.


Courtesy: Devex - Eliza Villarino 

THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ETHICS DAY CELEBRATED IN PAKISTAN

THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ETHICS DAY CELEBRATED IN PAKISTAN

The first International Media Ethics Day observed in Pakistan by the Karachi Press Club in collaboration with the Center forInternational Media Ethics (CIME) and Mishal Pakistan. The Day has been created by CIME to engage the media community throughout the world to have an open dialogue on media ethics.

The aim of the Media Ethics Day is to mobilize the journalism community and provide journalists around the world with an opportunity to discuss media ethics issues, examine case studies, and participate in role-plays and debates related to the various ethical dilemmas they might expect to face on the job.

AamirLatif, President Karachi Union of Journalist stressed on the need to highlight the ethical challenges faced by the Pakistani Journalists and sees this day as an opportunity for the journalists to work together to make their own judgments and identify their own strategies.

CIME aims to prepare and infuse journalists with the energy and support they need to make their own ethical decisions in reporting and negotiating with anyone or anything that might be trying to obstruct their own sound decision-making. The International Media Ethics Day events are especially important because local organisations volunteer to do it for local people and CIME provides support and expertise to help them said Suzanne Harris, Associate for the Center for International Media Ethics.

PurueshChaudhary, CIME Ambassador to Pakistan and the Director Content for MishalPakistan underscored the need for a joint code of conduct to agree upon basic guidelines for reporters and cameramen and encouraged the journalist community to take on a proactive role in defining ethical practices through the choices and decisions made at work on a daily basis.

The Center for International Media Ethics and Mishal Pakistan believe that it is essential for the local journalists to collaborate with one another on a national level, to express their opinions and become actively involved in enforcing ethical media practices. Mishal Pakistan, a strategic communication policy design social enterprise in collaboration with the Center for International Media Ethics is observing the International Media Ethics Day at the Karachi Press Club as part of the Agahi Initiative. Agahi, aims to utilize institutionalized, sustainable media structures in Pakistan to raise the bar of journalistic standards through training to increasing responsible, balanced reporting and investigative journalism.

Senior journalist Amir Zia said that a reporter while reporting on a terrorist attack should keep in mind not to glamorize militancy. He said that the western media served as a yardstick, and during the 9/11 attack, the bodies of people were not shown on television, and the privacy of the victims was respected. However in Pakistan, reporters and photographers barged into emergency wards when doctors were struggling with their patients.

Mishal Pakistan Chief Executive Officer, Amir Jahangir on the occasion said that, media in Pakistan is passing through a transition, it is accumulating a lot of information, making Pakistan an information society, however the synthesis of information into knowledge has still to be evolved. Initiatives like this would lead to better understanding of communication challenges, especially in terms of Dignity, Journalism and Leadership. 

The objective of the Center for International Media Ethics’ International Media Ethics Day is to mobilize the journalism community and provide media professionals with the opportunity to partake in local workshops. By participating in discussions conducted in their own language, local journalists can feel more comfortable and more enabled to talk about such a complex subject as the ethics of their profession. The center’s driving emphasis is that journalists together have the power to formulate and enforce a tacit code of ethics as a status quo of their profession.

The event was attended by leading journalists from print and electronic media along with representatives of media entities and civil society organizations.

KASHMIR PRESS CLUB TO COLLABORATE ON ISSUES OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE THROUGH INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM WITH AGAHI

JOURNALISTS TRAINED FOR INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM AND RESPONSIBLE REPORTING

Mishal Pakistan, a strategic communication policy design social enterprise in collaboration with the Center for International Media Ethics, Zigron Training, Center for Investigative Journalists in Bosnia-Sarajevo, Naya Jeevan conducted a workshop on Investigative Journalism and Responsible Reporting in Kashmir Press Club in Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

The initiative, known as Agahi covered areas such as; Investigative Journalism and Ethics, Anti-Money-Laundering and Terrorist Organisation Funding, Journalism and Society “Millennium Development Goals’’, Reporting in Terrorism and Conflict, Social Media and Safety Training. The initiative was launched in Multan Press Club on August 22^nd 2011. 

Syed Abid Ali Shah,
President, Kashmir Press Club, Mirpur - AJK

Talking to the gathering of the members of the media, Syed Abid Hussain Shah, President of the Kashmir Press Club, Mirpur expressed his gratitude for creating an opportunity for the journalists and emphasised the need for for more training and assured his support from the press club for improving the state of media in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. There is a need to upgrade the skills of the journalists on new media tools such as social media and crowd sourcing journalism, he further added. 

    

Mishal Pakistan and Kashmir Press Club, signed a memorandum of understanding on capacity building and training initiatives. The initiative aims to empower the journalist community by creating learning platforms through interactive workshops, seminars and courses in specific sectors.

Puruesh Chaudhary,
CIME Ambassador to Pakistan and
Director Content MISHAL and AGAHI

On the session, Puruesh Chaudhary, Ambassador to Pakistan on Media Ethics on behalf of the Center for International Media Ethics emphasized on the formulation of a unified ethics policy for the entire journalistic community to be adopted, implemented and adhered to counter special interest groups and sensationalism. The session dealt with the problems being faced by journalists, which also underscored the need for a joint code of conduct for reporters and cameramen. Journalists in Mirpur proactively discussed issues such as lack of training, non-supportive management, unavailability of basic resources, pressure groups, wages and the absence of a unified code of conduct.

The trainers highlighted socio-economic disparities which included gender/social discrimination, access to clean drinking water, environment, health and education  that continue to impact the community and stressed on how investigations into such areas can reflect the changing needs and priorities.

There was a special session on safety for journalists on how to journalists can also acquire the knowledge of life saving, as journalists are usually the first people to reach a place of accident or an act of terrorism. 

Amir Jahangir, CEO Mishal Pakistan

Mishal Pakistan Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Amir Jahangir in his closing remarks announced two scholarships in collaboration with the Kashmir Press Club who wish to enroll for the Masters Programme in Mass Communication, Journalism or Media Studies at any public sector universities or any other degree awarding institution in Azad Jammu Kashmir and other parts of Pakistan. The Kashmir Press Club will help Mishal in identifying the most deserving candidate for this scholarship.

Agahi, aims to utilize institutionalized, sustainable media structures in Pakistan to raise the bar of journalistic standards through training to increasing responsible, balanced reporting and investigative journalism. The initiative is being carried in collaboration with the Press Clubs in Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa and Azad Kashmir; In these series of interactions with the stakeholders a special Journalism Awards is being created to identify the most respectful and responsible journalists in investigative journalism.

The workshop was attended by more than 50 press club members. The Kashmir Press Club was founded in 1978 and has more than 70 full time members and almost 100 affiliated members.

Multan Press Club launches AGAHI – Investigative Journalism and Responsible Reporting initiative.

 

AGAHI to address the gaps in media ethics and reporting on investigative journalism on terrorism financing, socio-economic issues, new media, anti-money laundering and safety training

Mishal Pakistan, a strategic communication policy design social enterprise in collaboration with the Center for International Media Ethics, Zigron Training, Center for Investigative Journalists in Bosnia-Sarajevo, Naya Jeevan launched “Agahi’’, an initiative which will increase the capacity of Investigative Journalism and Responsible Reporting at the Multan Press Club.

The programme covered areas such as; Investigative Journalism and Ethics, Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Organisation Funding, Journalism and Society “Millennium Development Goals’’, Reporting in Terrorism and Conflict, Social Media, Journalism and Safety Training. The sessions were designed to be interactive with the audience to improve the understanding related to investigative journalism and responsible reporting.

Agahi, aims to utilize institutionalized, sustainable media structures in Pakistan to raise the bar of journalistic standards through training to increasing responsible, balanced reporting and investigative journalism said Puruesh Chaudhary, CIME Ambassador to Pakistan and the Chief Strategy Officer to the project.

The session in Multan underscored the need for a joint code of conduct to agree upon basic guidelines for reporters and cameramen. Journalists proactively discussed the issues they face as the threats remain real. Journalists not only fear for their own safety but for the safety of their families and relatives as well. The basic problems highlighted were lack of training, non-supportive managements, little or no backup by editorial teams, unavailability of basic resources, pressure groups (criminal and commercial), and absence of a unified code of conduct.

Mishal Pakistan and Multan Press Club, signed a memorandum of understanding on capacity building and training initiatives earlier this year. The MoU envisages empowering the media by capacity building initiatives for the members of the Multan Press Club by creating learning platform through interactive workshops, seminars and courses in specific sectors.

The initiative is being carried in collaboration with the Press Clubs in Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa and Azad Jammu and Kashmir; in the series of interactions with the stakeholders a special Journalism Awards is being created to identify the most respectful and responsible journalists in investigative journalism said Amir Jahangir, Chief Executive Officer Mishal Pakistan.

Teresa Allen, representative for CIME joining the Multan Press Club journalists from California via video conference stressed on the need for continuous educational programmes for journalists in the field and the formulation of an Ethics Policy for the entire journalistic community.

Osama Bin Javaid, News Editor with DAWNNEWS highlighted that every day social issues that impact the community should be part of the news content. He further identified that the millennium development goals (MDGs) as the best tool that flags significance content development to Pakistan. The journalists discussed best practices for issues such as gender/social discrimination, health, education etc. The MDGs provide areas and in those areas specific entities to be investigated.

Asaf Akhtar, an expert in financial sector specializing in frauds and anti-money laundering gave firsthand knowledge on Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Organisation Funding techniques and methodologies while giving references to the abduction of Daniel Pearl, the cases of transactions through non-banking channels such hundi and the case of NICL.

The session on Investigative Journalism and Responsible Reporting dealt with the problem being faced by journalists in far-flung conflict areas that are not major cities and where the dynamics of investigation and threats are different. Pakistan remains the most dangerous place on earth for journalists. Dr. Kamran Akmal, representing Naya Jeevan a not-for-profit organization facilitating micro-healthcare instruments encouraged journalists to take precautionary measures while covering incidents and briefed them about basic life support.

The Agahi initiative plans to engage the journalists from other parts of the country as well and it will build the capacity of the press clubs and its members to undertake initiatives on investigative journalism for responsible reporting in Pakistan.

National Press Club and Mishal Announce National Media Gender Awards in Pakistan

Inspired by the Global Gender Gap Index of the World Economic Forum, National Press Club Announces Media Gender Awards.

An initiative framing a discussion on the gender disparities by benchmarking the global gender gap

The National Press Club, today announced the launch of National Gender Media Awards on the basis of the Global Gender Gap Index in collaboration with Mishal Private Limited.

Afzal Butt, President National Press Cub, on the occasion said that, “the social structures prevent the women in our society from fully realizing their potential, hence widening the gap between males and females in all sectors. As the National Press Club already works towards supporting and encouraging women’s education and empowerment; we are committed in redefining the social, economic and political role of the women in the society”.

To further mark the significance of the initiative, the National Press Club and Mishal also proposed the Women and Media Leadership Convention in Islamabad on the 100^th International Women’s Day, a day celebrating the economic, political and social achievements of women to be held on the 8^th of March 2011, said Afzal Butt

Also present for the announcement was Ms. Saadia Zahidi, Director of Constituents and Head of the Women Leaders and Gender Parity Programme at the World Economic Forum. In her interaction with the members of the Press Club, Academia representatives and members of the civil society” Ms. Zahidi briefed the gathering about Pakistan's performance on the indicators of the Gender Gap and advised the club on new initiatives, which can be undertaken to create awareness and promote dialogue.

Zahidi's presentation to the members had details about Pakistan's ranking in the recent Global Gender Gap Report 2010; according to which Pakistan scored 132 out of 134 nations (score similar to the report released in 2009), meanwhile the scorecard also had other categories of performance that included economic participation and opportunity where Pakistan stood at 133/134, educational attainment 127/134, health and survival 122/134 and political empowerment, where Pakistan scored relatively well at 52. 

Amir Jahangir, CEO Mishal Private Limited and a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum said, “This initiative will be a landmark and an inspiration for other press clubs in Pakistan and would be replicated at more than 60 press clubs across Pakistan. Mishal has signed up with the leading Press Clubs, Journalism Associations and other stakeholders in the Public as well as Private Sector to bolster best practices to promote content diversity setting new benchmarks for journalism in the region”.

The National Press Club and Mishal are also collaborating on the launch of an Online Journalism and Gender Parity Program at one of the leading Universities in Islamabad/Rawalpindi. This would be achieved by engaging international donor funding. The program aims to help the new breed of journalists and communication professionals as seeing this as an opportunity to making the transition to New Media as a window for generating more effective and relevant content space.

Zamir Haider, Chairman of NPC Committee on Capacity Building and Trainings said that “in line with the Memorandum of Understanding between the National Press Club and Mishal, signed earlier both the organizations have proposed an interaction and capacity building initiative for the members of the National Press Club to frame a discussion on the gender disparities that exist in our society by benchmarking the global gender gap”.

Realizing the importance of strengthening and developing human capital for a diverse workforce, MISHAL, the leading strategic communication enterprise, specializing in media and communication for policy design has launched the 1st Gender Mainstreaming Fellowship Program in Pakistan. The fellowship program is in collaboration with the LADIESFUND, an initiative to address gender parity by bringing them into mainstream economic activities.

The Women Leaders and Gender Parity programme aims to increase participation of women in Forum activities. Besides involving women as members in communities and inviting women leaders to be active contributors to the global dialogue, the programme uses benchmarking tools to measure the global gender gap and showcase best practices for increasing gender diversity. The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Parity Group comprises 100 highly influential and committed leaders. The Global Gender Gap Report, produced annually, provides a framework for capturing the magnitude of gender disparities around the world and aims to serve as a tool for benchmarking and tracking gender inequalities.

The interactive session at the National Press Club was attended by the Executive Committee of the National Press Club, senior journalists from Islamabad/Rawalpindi, representatives of Academia and members of civil society.

Established in 2003, Mishal is a strategic communications company at the forefront of devising and delivering communication solutions for a cross-section of stakeholders and is supporting initiatives, which improve the state of media and journalism in Pakistan. Mishal’s objective is to strengthen institutions, create awareness and educate through media, facilitating sustainable economic development, empowering citizens to make decisions about their lives. The Mishal Team believes that the media can enable Governments and corporations to create an environment that can assist in bridging gaps within the existing socio-economic and political structures.

The National Press Club is a supreme representative body of journalists based in Rawalpindi and the federal capital Islamabad. It has an elected governing body represented by the president, a Secretary and other office bearers. The National Press Club is the representative body of more than 2500 journalists based in Rawalpindi and Islamabad; it also caters for the journalists visiting Islamabad from other parts of the country as well as international journalists visiting Pakistan.

Karachi Press Club and Mishal announces Joint-Scholarship “The Karachi Press Club Scholarship”.

To honour the ones who have lost their lives in the line of duty, Karachi Press Club and Mishal (Pvt) Ltd. announced two scholarships “The Karachi Press Club Scholarship” for students who wish to study Masters in Mass Communication, Journalism or Media Studies offered at all public sector universities or any degree awarding institutions in Karachi. KPC will help Mishal in identifying the most deserving candidate for this joint-scholarship.

The Karachi Press Club and Mishal Pvt. Limited signed a memorandum of understanding on capacity building and training initiatives at the Press Club on Saturday 15, 2011.

MISHAL in collaboration with KPC will also identify the gaps in the curriculum of Mass Communication/Journalism and Media Studies and will provide a guideline to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for improvements in the curriculum to develop the capacity of the media industry.

The MoU envisages of empowering media by capacity building initiatives for the members of KPC through interactive workshops, seminars and courses on specific sectors. Both parties will identify the gaps in the reporting structures and develop different media forums within the Press Club on various socio-economic and political sectors.

KPC and Mishal will create knowledge exchange platform; whereby media exchange programs will be developed to build synergies in the field of journalism and technical knowhow. Mishal will develop a framework on journalism/media recognition awards in consultation with KPC. The awards will be developed according to the areas of activities of KPC as well as on national level media and journalism initiatives. Mishal in collaboration with KPC will also develop an annual report on the “State of Media in Pakistan”.

According to the details of the understanding reached between the two parties; Mishal will develop communication collateral in collaboration with Karachi Press Club on the achievements of its members. Mishal will enable collaborative platforms which will assist media in creating and improving the quality of its content.

Speaking on the occasion Mr. Tahir Hasan Khan, President Karachi Press Club expressed his support for the initiative. Khan said that such an opportunity to be available for the media persons, which enhances their capacity and the ability to report on issues relevant to the society, will strengthen the communities and the infrastructure. He further said that, KPC will facilitate MISHAL in identifying the areas/sectors for capacity building of its members and it will also share its knowledge-based resources in developing the annual report on the State of Media in Pakistan.

Amir Jahangir, CEO for Mishal Pvt. Limited appreciated KPC for reposing confidence in Mishal and becoming a partner for a wide-range of activities to empower the media professionals through media trainings, interactive workshops and sector-wise content development trainings for the journalists. Jahangir expressed his concern over the alarming rate of which journalists are losing their lives to suicide bombings, abductions, cross-fires and target killing, the recent most case being the young and dynamic reporter, Wali Khan Babar. He emphasized that Pakistan does not have to be the most deadliest place for Journalists but such cases are making it difficult for these professionals to practice their occupation. He said media can cover issues related to extremism through communicating message of hope by creating media diversity and building capacity of the journalists to report and create more content on the state of economy, innovation, entrepreneurship and on the nexus of water, energy and food security.

He further said, that Mishal will finance technical consultancy for the development of social media platform to create the knowledge-based initiatives for the journalists.

Jahangir has been recognized as the Young Global Leader for 2010 by the World Economic Forum for creating initiatives for sustainable development of the media sector in Pakistan. He is also the programme advisor to Stanford Research Center of Innovation and Communications on Global media and Journalism in Pakistan.

Moosa Kamal, Secretary of the Karachi Press Club appreciated the idea of more interaction between the KPC and academia. He said the KPC would like to facilitate the academia and the students to share their initiatives.

The signing ceremony was attended by the vice President of the club, Fazil Jamili and other office bearers of the Press Club and journalistic community at large.

Mishal, launched in 2003, has been engaged with some of the most dynamic organization in the region for media development.

Mishal has undertaken the task to build the capacity of the Press Clubs and Associations in Pakistan by creating a knowledge-sharing learning platform for the media and journalists across Pakistan. The initiative will build the capacity through interactive workshops, conferences, collaborative thinking and media and journalism awards for the professionals in the field of journalism and media.

The Karachi Press Club, is an association of primarily news journalists, but also includes academics business people and members of the public service, and is located at Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. KPC was the first press club of Pakistan. Its first election was held in 1958, I.H. Burney was the first President of the KPC.

KPC today has more than 1500 members and plays a vital role in the democratic struggle in general and the struggle for press freedom in particular.

The club is proud to have luminaries such as Prince Karim Aga Khan, scientist and Nobel laureate Prof. Dr Abdus Salam, Prof. Dr Saleemuzzaman Siddiqui, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Alys Faiz, Habib Jalib, Ahmed Faraz, Josh Maleehabadi, Jahangir Khan, Imran Khan, and Javed Miandad, and Air Marshal (retd) Noor Khan were among the first members on this roll of honor.

Mishal’s foremost domain of activity is strategic communication with a spotlight on media, behavior change communication, media capacity building and future scenario predictions using methodologies and resources that service the lifestyle and social needs of individuals, their families, the communities they live in and ultimately their larger domains.

Mishal’s projects, therefore, aim at assisting people gain the awareness, knowledge and ability to meet their developmental needs. The projects center on people, their needs and perceptions, helping them understand issues and be able to act in ways that improve their health, education or economic well-being.http://injo.stanford.edu/node/155